板块俯冲带和大陆岩浆弧的深部过程与极端地质事件之间存在密切的关系。板块俯冲与造山过程会导致地震、岩浆活动和成矿等事件的发生。这些极端事件的发生与俯冲过程中的壳幔相互作用、地幔楔形成、岩石圈部分熔融、构造-岩浆活动等因素密切相关。然而,人们对洋中脊新生地壳的不均匀性或先天“缺陷”对以上的极端事件的长远影响和远程效应了解甚少。在洋中脊新的地壳形成过程中,由于受到板块扩张、压力降低、软流圈物质上涌等因素的作用,导致新生地壳温度升高、孔隙度和裂缝发育、密度降低、结构复杂的正反馈过程。因此,新生地壳在密度、强度、温度、厚度等方面存在非均质性。这些地壳的差异性将影响和决定板块在扩张和俯冲过程中的行为,并对板块俯冲作用形成的地震、岩浆和成矿等事件产生远程影响。以太平洋俯冲和安第斯造山带为例研究发现,板块运动速度、板块俯冲角度、板片撕裂、岩石圈厚度、Moho面深度等的突变与地震、火山和斑岩矿床的时空分布存在远程关联效应,这些认知对预测板块俯冲-碰撞带发生的极端地质事件的时空分布具有重要意义。

The deep processes of plate subduction zones are closely related to extreme geological events that occur in continental magmatic arcs. The processes of plate subduction and mountain building can lead to events such as earthquakes, magmatic activity, and mineralization. The occurrence of these extreme events is closely related to factors such as crust-mantle interaction, mantle wedge formation, partial melting of the lithosphere, and tectonic magmatism during subduction. However, little is known about the long-term and long-range effects of heterogeneities or innate defects in the newly formed crust at mid-ocean ridges on the extreme events described above. During the formation of new crust at mid-ocean ridges, due to factors such as plate expansion, pressure reduction, and asthenospheric material upwelling, the temperature of the new crust increases, pores and cracks develop, the density decreases, and the structure is complex. Therefore, the newly formed crust has heterogeneities in density, strength, temperature, thickness, etc. These crustal differences will influence and decide the behavior of plates during expansion and subduction, with long-term effects on events such as earthquakes, volcanoes, and mineralization caused by subduction. Analyses of the Pacific subduction and the Andes orogen have revealed that sudden changes in plate movement speed, plate subduction angle, plate slab tearing, lithospheric thickness, Moho depth, etc., have long-range effects on the spatiotemporal distribution of earthquakes, volcanoes, and porphyry copper deposits. These understandings are of great significance for predicting the spatiotemporal distribution of extreme geological events in plate subduction and collision zones.