在大数据科学成为新的科学范式的背景下,基于地质大数据理念,将传统的定性地质研究方法推向定量研究的高度。文章通过对5 300余处金矿产地资料的系统梳理,定量分析了中国省(自治区)、市、县级及III级成矿区带金矿成矿密度、成矿强度和各成矿时代金矿的成矿强度问题。研究表明,中国金矿具有明显的时空集中分布趋势。中国金矿空间分布具有区域性集中的明显趋势,以胶东、小秦岭等区域为金矿高密度、高强度成矿区;新疆矿床数量最多;山东省金矿成矿密度最大,成矿强度最强;在地级市统计中,山东烟台市和河北承德市是全国仅有的两处矿产地数量过百的地级市,山东烟台市的金矿无论是矿产地数量、成矿密度,还是成矿强度均居全国首位;在县级行政区统计中,新疆塔城地区托里县金矿矿产地数量最多(52处),安徽铜陵市区金矿成矿密度最大,山东烟台市莱州市的金资源储量最大(2 341 t),成矿强度最强(1.35 t/km²);在成矿区带统计中,华北陆块北缘东段成矿带(III-57)金矿矿产地数量最多(345处),胶东成矿带(III-65)金矿成矿密度最大,成矿强度最强。中国金矿时间分布不平衡,具有成矿强度老弱新强、东西南北成矿有别、叠加成矿时间跨度大和新生代金矿资源潜力大的特点;燕山期是中国金矿最重要的成矿时期,成矿强度大,达到10.5个矿区/Ma,金资源储量93 t/Ma。今后中国金矿地质工作的核心依然是加强金矿找矿工作、保障国家金融安全。

Against the backdrop of big data science emerging as a new scientific paradigm, traditional qualitative geological research methods are transitioning towards quantitative research grounded in the concept of geological big data. Leveraging data from over 5300 gold deposits, this study quantitatively analyzes the metallogenic density and intensity of gold deposits across provincial (autonomous region), city, county, and Grade III metallogenic zones in China, as well as the metallogenic intensity of gold deposits across different metallogenic ages. The findings reveal a pronounced trend of spatiotemporal concentration distribution of gold deposits in China. Spatially, gold deposits exhibit regional concentration, with areas such as Jiaodong and Qinling emerging as high-density and high-intensity gold deposit regions. Xinjiang boasts the highest number of gold deposits, whereas Shandong Province exhibits the highest metallogenic density and intensity. At the prefectural city level, Yantai City in Shandong Province and Chengde City in Hebei Province stand out as the only two prefecture-level cities in China with over 100 gold deposits each. Among these, Yantai City in Shandong Province ranks first in terms of mineral producing areas, metallogenic density, and metallogenic intensity. At the county level, Toli County in Tacheng region of Xinjiang houses the largest number of gold deposits (52), Tongling district in Anhui exhibits the highest metallogenic density, and Laizhou City in Yantai, Shandong, holds the largest gold reserves (2341 t) and the strongest metallogenic intensity (1.35 t/km²). Analysis of metallogenic belts reveals that the eastern section of the northern margin of the North China block, particularly metallogenic belt (III-57), boasts the largest number of gold deposits (345), while the Jiaodong metallogenic belt (III-65) exhibits the highest metallogenic density and intensity. Temporally, gold deposits in China display an unbalanced distribution characterized by old-weak and new-strong mineralization, significant differences between north and south, a broad metallogenic time span, and substantial Cenozoic gold resource potential. The Yanshanian period emerges as the most significant metallogenic period for gold deposits in China, characterized by high metallogenic intensity, with 10.5 deposits/Ma and 93 t/Ma. Looking ahead, the focal point of China’s gold geological efforts will be to reinforce gold prospecting activities to safeguard national financial security.