始新世中期安宁河断裂冲断变形特征及其构造意义:来自断层泥自生伊利石K-Ar定年的证据

童馗, 李智武, 刘树根, I.Tonguç UYSAL, 施泽进, 李金玺, Andrew TODD, 武文慧, 王自剑, 刘升武, 李轲, 华天

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地学前缘 ›› 2024, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (4) : 297-313. DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.9.40
非主题来稿选登：构造作用与盆地演化

始新世中期安宁河断裂冲断变形特征及其构造意义:来自断层泥自生伊利石K-Ar定年的证据

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Middle Eocene thrusting deformation along the Anninghe fault and its regional tectonic implication: Insight from K-Ar dating of authigenic illite-bearing fault gouge

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摘要

青藏高原及其周缘褶皱-冲断带变形方式和时限是验证高原形成众多大陆岩石圈变形动力学端员模型的关键。近年发展起来的断层泥自生伊利石K-Ar定年技术为精确限定褶皱-冲断带变形时限提供了有效手段。鲜水河—安宁河—小江断裂系作为伴随印度-欧亚板块碰撞造山和高原物质侧向挤出过程形成的大型左旋走滑断裂系,其变形过程可为解译印度-欧亚板块碰撞远程应力向东传递方式提供关键证据。本文选取安宁河断裂冕宁—西昌段作为研究对象,在详细构造解析以明确其构造运动学特征的基础上,开展了断层泥自生伊利石K-Ar定年研究,以期精确限定安宁河断裂脆性变形的时间。构造解析表明安宁河断裂在近EW向挤压作用下经历了冲断变形,断层带发育碎斑岩和断层泥,指示为脆性变形。安宁河断裂不同粒级断层泥样品的黏土矿物学和伊利石K-Ar定年分析揭示,随着样品粒级减小,高温2M1型伊利石含量相对低温1M/1Md型伊利石含量逐渐减少,其K-Ar年龄总体呈变年轻趋势,表明不同粒级伊利石K-Ar年龄是由碎屑2M1型和自生1M/1Md型两个多型端员组成的混合年龄。伊利石年龄分析获得自生1M/1Md型伊利石的年龄为(42.6±9.4)Ma,表明安宁河断裂经历了始新世中期的冲断变形。结合前人构造变形、沉积学、低温热年代学和古地磁等研究,我们认为始新世中期青藏高原腹地及其周缘褶皱-冲断带发生准同期的构造挤压变形,其动力学机制可能与印度-欧亚板块硬碰撞以及青藏高原地块的陆内俯冲所导致的先存构造带活化有关。始新世中期安宁河断裂发生冲断变形直接证明印度-欧亚板块碰撞初期的远程应力已传递至青藏高原东南缘地区。

Abstract

Deformation characteristics and timing of the fold-and-thrust belt are the key in verifying the geodynamic end-member models of continental lithosphere of the Tibetan Plateau and its periphery. K-Ar dating of authigenic illite from fault gouge provides an effective means in determining the timing of deformation events in the fold-and-thrust belt. The Xianshuihe-Anninghe-Xiaojiang fault is a large-scale sinistral strike-slip fault system accompanying the collision of the Indo-Eurasian Plates and the lateral extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau. The deformation process of the Xianshuihe-Anninghe-Xiaojiang fault system can provide significant insight into how the far-field stress of the Indo-Eurasian collision is transferred eastward. In this study, we focus on the Mianning-Xichang segment of the Anninghe fault. Based on the structural analyses characterizing fault kinematics, we dated authigenic illite from fault gouge to constrain the timing of deformation events along the Anninghe fault. Structural analyses reveal that the Anninghe fault experienced thrusting deformation under the EW-oriented compression. Detailed study of illite clay mineralogy and K-Ar dating of different grain-size fractions of the fault gouge suggest that the components of high-temperature 2M1 illite relative to those of low-temperature 1M/1Md illite polytype gradually decrease with the decreasing K-Ar ages. These results show that different illite K-Ar ages for different grain sizes are due to the mixing of two illite polytypes, represented by detrital 2M1 and authigenic 1M/1Md end members. Illite Age Analysis reveals that the K-Ar age for authigenic 1M/1Md illite is (42.6±9.4) Ma, suggesting that the thrusting deformation along the Anninghe fault occurred in the middle Eocene. Integrated with previously published tectonic, sedimentology, low-temperature thermochronology and paleomagnetism studies, it is suggested that the fold-and-thrust belt in the hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau and its periphery underwent quasi-contemporaneous tectonic compression deformation during the middle Eocene. The dynamic mechanism of this event may be related to the reactivation of the pre-existing tectonic belt caused by the combination of the hard collision of the Indo-Eurasian Plates and intra-continental subduction of the terranes within the Tibetan Plateau. The mid-Eocene thrusting event along the Anninghe fault suggests that the far-field stress from the early stage of the Indo-Eurasian collision has been transferred to the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.

关键词

安宁河断裂 / 断层泥 / 自生伊利石 / K-Ar定年 / 始新世中期

Key words

Anninghe fault / fault gouge / authigenic illite / K-Ar dating / middle Eocene

中图分类号

P542;P597

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EndNote

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童馗 , 李智武 , 刘树根 , 等. 始新世中期安宁河断裂冲断变形特征及其构造意义:来自断层泥自生伊利石K-Ar定年的证据. 地学前缘. 2024, 31(4): 297-313 https://doi.org/10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.9.40
Kui TONG, Zhiwu LI, Shugen LIU, et al. Middle Eocene thrusting deformation along the Anninghe fault and its regional tectonic implication: Insight from K-Ar dating of authigenic illite-bearing fault gouge[J]. Earth Science Frontiers. 2024, 31(4): 297-313 https://doi.org/10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.9.40

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基金

国家自然科学基金项目(42230310)
国家自然科学基金项目(41472107)
国家自然科学基金项目(41230313)
成都理工大学珠峰研究计划项目(80000-2021ZF11408)

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