随着人们对环境问题的认识,恶臭污染已经成为一类典型的环境公害。我国的恶臭污染来源广泛,臭气浓度的测定成本昂贵,构建基于简易输入参数的臭气预测模型降低恶臭污染判定与控制的难度,是目前恶臭污染研究的热点问题。本研究从臭气定义的基本概念入手,总结对比了不同的臭气标准和测定方法。综述了目前常用的臭气预测模型,包括基于污染物浓度的多元线性回归法和不同的臭气浓度/强度预测模型,发现不同研究或者不同模型得到的结果差异较大。其中,为预测模型提供准确的嗅觉阈值是优化模型的关键。另外,作为一种环境问题,本研究也对臭气的大气扩散以及排放速率进行了综述研究,研究中使用不同的大气扩散模型对臭气的大气扩散过程进行预测。但不同模型需要的基础数据和知识背景不同,因此需要根据实际的应用场景选择合适的模型。排放速率作为大气扩散模型中的重要输入参数,可以通过不同的方法和装置进行测定,不同方法的测定结果存在差异,后续研究中需要依据更多的现场数据对预测结果进行验证。基于以上综述,本研究将为恶臭污染的识别和控制提供科学指导。

With the increasing awareness of environmental issues, odor pollution has been recognized as a typical environmental hazard. Odor pollution in China comes from a variety of sources and the cost of odor measurements is high. Currently a hot topic in odor pollution control is to develop odor prediction models based on easily measurable parameters to decrease the difficulty of odor measurement and control. This paper introduces the basic concept of odor pollution and summarizes and compares different odor classification standards and measurement methods. Research progress on odor prediction models is reviewed, including multiple linear regression commonly used to establish quantitative relationship between odor concentration/intensity and pollutant concentrations. There are obvious differences in the results obtained from different studies and models, and accurate odor threshold values are key to optimizing the models. Furthermore, as an environmental issue, atmospheric dispersion and emission rate of odor pollutants are discussed. Different atmospheric diffusion models have been used to predict odor diffusion in the atmosphere, however, different models require different basic data and knowledges, therefore it is important to choose an appropriate model based on the actual application scenario. Emission rate, as an important input parameter in atmospheric dispersion models, can also be measured using different methods and devices, but differences between the results are to be expected, and cross-validation is needed. This review provides scientific guidance for the identification and control of odor pollution.