湖南耕地土壤和稻米重金属污染防控实践与思考

雷鸣, 周一敏, 黄大睿, 黄雅媛, 王薪琪, 李冰玉, 杜辉辉, 刘孝利, 铁柏清

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地学前缘 ›› 2024, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2) : 173-182. DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.8.24
污染土壤修复

湖南耕地土壤和稻米重金属污染防控实践与思考

作者信息 +

Prevention and control of heavy metal contamination in cropland and in commercial rice in Hunan Province: Current status and practical considerations

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摘要

湖南省是我国主要产粮区之一。由于矿产经济活动及其他人类活动,大面积耕地土壤受到重金属污染,从而一些地方的稻米重金属含量超过国家食品卫生标准。本研究对湖南省耕地土壤与稻米重金属污染现状和成因进行剖析。结果表明:湖南耕地土壤重金属污染特征是复合污染为主,污染程度逐年上升,主要分布在湘江流域和工矿区,并逐渐蔓延至养殖区,稻米重金属污染主要以Cd为主,其次是As和Pb。针对湖南稻米重金属污染的各种防控措施,阐述其工作原理、应用实例和优缺点,然后对湖南省开展的土壤重金属污染修复措施和研究进行总结与思考,提出应当构建一种基于土壤组成的原味钝化材料耦合易操作农艺措施的经济、绿色、高效的综合性技术方案,以期来修复耕地土壤重金属污染和降低稻米重金属含量,保障粮食安全生产。

Abstract

Hunan Province is one of the main grain-producing areas in China. Due to mining economic and other human activities, large areas of cultivated land soil are contaminated by heavy metals, which caused the concentrations of heavy metals in rice from some places exceed national food hygiene standard values. In this study, the current pollution status and reasons of heavy metal contaminated cultivated land soil and rice in Hunan Province are analyzed. The results showed that the characteristic of heavy metal contaminated farmland soil in Hunan is multiple-heavy metal pollution, and the level of pollution increases year by year, which is mainly distributed around the Xiangjiang River Basin and industrial and mining areas, and the contaminated area gradually spreads to breeding areas. The prominent heavy metal in rice is cadmium (Cd), followed by arsenic (As) and lead (Pb). In view of the various prevention and control measures for heavy metal pollution in rice from Hunan, their working principles, application examples, advantages and disadvantages were introduced. Then the remediation measures on heavy metal contaminated soil and their researches carried out in Hunan Province were summarized and discussed. Finally, in order to remediate heavy metal contaminated soil, reduce heavy metal contents in rice, and ensure safe food production, the economical, green, and efficient comprehensive technical method including in-situ passivator materials which based on soil composition coupled with easy-to-operate agronomic measures would be recommended.

关键词

耕地土壤 / 稻米 / 重金属 / 修复技术 / 钝化剂 / 湖南

Key words

cultivated land / rice / heavy metals / remediation / passivators / Hunan

中图分类号

X53;X825;X753

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雷鸣 , 周一敏 , 黄大睿 , 等. 湖南耕地土壤和稻米重金属污染防控实践与思考. 地学前缘. 2024, 31(2): 173-182 https://doi.org/10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.8.24
Ming LEI, Yimin ZHOU, Darui HUANG, et al. Prevention and control of heavy metal contamination in cropland and in commercial rice in Hunan Province: Current status and practical considerations[J]. Earth Science Frontiers. 2024, 31(2): 173-182 https://doi.org/10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.8.24

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基金

国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1700101)
湖南省自然科学基金项目(2022JJ30306)

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