金矿是一种重要的贵金属矿产,也是东北地区优势矿产之一。东北地区金矿资源丰富,分布具有明显的区域性集中趋势,是我国岩金尤其是砂金的重要产区。本文系统收集和整理了已有东北地区金矿地质资料,全面总结了东北地区金矿资源禀赋、矿床类型、时空分布规律、成矿演化,指出了进一步的找矿方向。综合金矿床的工业类型和成因类型,将东北地区金矿床分为砂矿型、岩浆热液型、陆相火山岩型、变成型和受变质型、斑岩型、叠加型及成因暂时未查明的流体型等类型。岩金主要分布于华北成矿省辽东成矿带、华北陆块北缘东段成矿带,吉黑成矿省小兴安岭—张广才岭成矿带、吉中—延边成矿带,大兴安岭成矿省东乌珠穆沁旗—嫩江成矿带等;而砂金主要分布于黑龙江省三江沿岸,大兴安岭成矿省东乌珠穆沁旗—嫩江成矿带、吉黑成矿省佳木斯—兴凯成矿带、小兴安岭—张广才岭成矿带等。东北金矿具有多旋回、多期次成矿的特点,按其规律可划为太古宙、元古宙、加里东期、华力西期、印支期、燕山期、喜马拉雅期等7个成矿期。划分了13个成矿系列,22个成矿亚系列,22个三级预测区,显示出良好的成矿条件和找矿前景。

Gold deposits are significant sources of precious metal minerals and play a dominant role in Northeast China. The region boasts rich rock gold resources with a distinct regional concentration trend, particularly in placer gold, making it a key production area in the country. By systematically compiling previous research findings on gold in this region, a comprehensive summary of resource endowment, deposit types, spatiotemporal distribution characteristics, and metallogenic evolution has been presented, along with indications of future prospecting directions. Based on industrial and genetic classifications of gold deposits, those in Northeast China are categorized into placer, magmatic hydrothermal, continental volcanic, metamorphic, porphyry, superposition, and unknown origin flow types. Rock gold is predominantly found in the Liaodong metallogenic belt of the North China metallogenic province, the eastern metallogenic belt of the northern margin of the North China continent, the Xiaoxinganling-Zhangguangcailing metallogenic belt of Jihei metallogenic province, the Jizhong-Yanbian metallogenic belt, and the East Wuzhumuqinqi-Nenjiang metallogenic belt of Greater Khinganling metallogenic province. Placer gold is primarily distributed along the Sanjiang River in Heilongjiang Province, the east Wuzhu Muqin Qi-Nenjiang metallogenic belt in Daxing’anling metallogenic province, the Jiamusi Xingkai metallogenic belt in Jihei metallogenic province, and the Lesser Khingan Mountains-Zhangguangcai metallogenic belt. Gold deposits in Northeast China exhibit characteristics of multi-cycle and multi-stage mineralization, spanning seven ore-forming periods including Archean, Proterozoic, Caledonian, Varissian, Indosinian, Yanshanian, and Himalayan. With 13 ore-forming series, 22 ore-forming sub-series, and 22 third-level prediction areas, the region displays favorable ore-forming conditions and promising prospecting prospects.