土壤环境基准是土壤环境标准和土壤环境保护的基础。美国是世界上最早关注污染场地保护并开展土壤污染风险管控的国家之一,并形成了较为完善的体系,但我国在这方面还处于起步阶段。为此,本文以美国为例,综述其在土壤筛选值(SSLs)方面的研究,通过分析美国在土壤污染防治方面的法律法规和技术规范,系统梳理美国在SSLs方面的研究成果,从直接摄入、皮肤吸收、摄入污染地下水、吸入室外挥发物与颗粒物和蒸汽侵入5个方面阐述美国基于人体健康风险的SSLs制定的理论方法。在此基础上,为我国土壤环境基准研究提出了几点建议:进一步加强我国土壤环境基准研究工作,立足我国国情开展土壤环境基准研究,加强本土化参数研究和土壤环境基准研究规范化,以及协同开展土壤地下水环境基准研究,以期为我国土壤环境基准研究与制定提供参考。

Soil evaluation guidelines are essential for soil evaluation and soil environmental protection. The United States (USA) was one of the developed countries first paid attention to contaminated sites protection and soil pollution control, and it has since developed fairly comprehensive guidelines such as the Soil Screening Guidance (SSG) for soil evaluation, whilst China is still in its infancy in this regard. In this paper we review research results on soil screening levels (SSLs) in the USA, focusing on the laws and regulations and technical specifications for soil protection and remediation, and discuss the methodology of SSL formulation based on five health hazard types: direct ingestion, dermal absorption, ingestion of contaminated groundwater, inhalation of outdoor volatiles/particulates and vapor intrusion. On this basis, we propose that researches on soil evaluation in China should be conducted based on soil environmental conditions in China, with emphasis on establishing regional and national soil parameter databases, standardizing national soil evaluation guidelines and carrying out combined research on soil and groundwater evaluation criteria, so as to provide a reference for formulating soil evaluation criteria in China.