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干旱砾漠区不同地貌单元植物群落特征及其与环境因子的关系
杜华栋, 范鹏辉, 毕银丽, 谢姗姗, 刘研, 刘云龙
PDF(2010 KB)
PDF(2010 KB)
干旱砾漠区不同地貌单元植物群落特征及其与环境因子的关系
Plant Community Characteristics and Their Relationship with Environmental Factors in Different Geomorphic Units in Arid Gravel Desert
探究干旱砾漠区不同地貌单元植物群落特征及其驱动力，对干旱区不同地貌单元针对性的自然植物群落保护措施制定与合理的人工恢复植物群落构建具有重要意义。该研究分析了干旱砾漠区砾漠戈壁、风蚀残丘、风沙地和河谷地4种微地貌单元植物群落结构、组成与多样性特征，并基于土壤和微气象因子监测探究了不同地貌单元影响植物群落变化的主要生态因子。结果表明：（1）干旱砾漠区植物群落呈斑块状分布，垂直结构1~2层，生活型主要以1年生植物和小灌木为主；不同地貌单元中砾漠戈壁灌木约占45%，风蚀残丘和风沙地1年生植物约占50%，河谷地植物群落包含所有统计的5种生活型，其中包括少量乔木和藤本植物。（2）干旱砾漠区河谷地的植物群落覆盖度、植株密度、群落多样性和稳定性最高，风蚀残丘次之，在植物分布稀疏的砾漠戈壁和群落结构最简单的风沙地植物群落多样性和稳定性最低。（3）土壤含水率、有机质、可溶性盐和地表温度是影响干旱砾漠区植物多样性、生产力和群落稳定性的主要因子，除此之外，风蚀残丘的土壤容重、砾漠戈壁和风沙地的地表风速也是影响各自微地貌单元植物群落特征的主要因子。综上所述，干旱砾漠区生态受损后应依据不同微地貌单元中影响植物群落的主要生态因子制定相对应的植被恢复措施，如砾漠戈壁地貌减小地表温度、通过土壤质量改善在风蚀残丘和风沙地恢复建群种、河谷地生态用水的维系等。
Exploring the characteristics and its driving forces of plant community in different geomorphic units in arid gravel desert areas was of great significance for the development of targeted natural plant community protection measures， and the construction of reasonable artificial restoration plant communities in different geomorphic units in arid region. In this paper， the plant community composition and diversity in four micro-geomorphic units（gravel desert Gobi， wind erosion unaka， aeolian sandy land and valley land） were analyzed， and the main ecological factors affecting plant community characteristics in different geomorphic units were explored based on the monitoring of soil and micro-meteorological factors. The results showed that： （1）Plant community in gravel desert areas was distributed in patches， with one to two layers vertical structure， and the life forms were mainly annual plants and small shrubs. About 45% shrubs were found in arid gravel desert Gobi， while about 50% species were annual plants in wind erosion unaka and aeolian sandy land. The plant community in the valley land contained all five life forms， including a few trees and vines. （2）The plant community coverage， plant density， diversity and stability were the highest in valley among four micro-geomorphic units， followed by wind erosion unaka. The plant community diversity and stability were lowest in gravel desert Gobi with the plant sparsely distributed and the aeolian sandy land with simple community structure. （3）Soil moisture content， organic matter， soluble salts and surface temperature were the main same factors affecting plant diversity， productivity and community stability in arid gravel desert areas. In addition， the soil bulk density in wind erosion unaka， the surface wind speed in arid gravel desert Gobi and aeolian sandy land were also the factors affecting plant community characteristics in different micro-geomorphic units. In summary， different vegetation restoration measures should be formulated after ecological disturbance in arid gravel desert on the basis of the main ecological factors affecting plant communities in different geomorphic units， such as reducing surface temperature in gravel desert Gobi， restoring constructive species by improving soil quality in wind erosion unaka and aeolian sandy land， and maintaining ecological water using in valley land.
干旱砾漠区 / 微地貌单元 / 植物群落结构 / 环境因子 / 植被恢复
arid gravel desert area / microtopography / plant community structure / ecological factors / vegetation restoration
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