为分析马蔺（Iris lactea var. chinensis）种质花器官表型性状，明确马蔺花瓣的色素成分，以中国6个省市不同生境条件下22份马蔺种质资源为试验材料，对花冠这一重要观赏部位的表型特征及花色素进行系统研究。采用RHSCC比色和色差仪测色方法描述了马蔺种质花器官表型性状，并通过亚硝酸钠-硝酸铝显色法和pH示差法等方法测定了马蔺花色素质量分数，分析不同色系马蔺花色素表达差异。结果表明：22份马蔺种质花瓣花色可分为浅蓝色、浅蓝紫色、深蓝紫色和紫罗兰色4大色系，垂瓣和旗瓣明度（L*）与a*呈负相关，与b*呈正相关，与彩度（c*）呈负相关。不同色系马蔺花器官表型特征不同，4大色系中紫罗兰色花瓣最大、花葶最高、垂瓣花斑最小，浅蓝色花瓣最小、花葶最低、垂瓣花斑最大，说明花瓣颜色越深，花瓣越大，垂瓣花斑则越小；不同色系马蔺花瓣中色素质量分数差异显著，浅蓝色花瓣中类胡萝卜素质量分数显著高于紫罗兰色，而紫罗兰色花瓣中的类黄酮质量分数和花色苷质量分数显著高于浅蓝色。随花瓣颜色加深，类胡萝卜素质量分数降低，类黄酮和花色苷质量分数相应增加。相关性分析表明，类胡萝卜素质量分数与垂旗瓣L*均呈显著正相关（P<0.05），与垂旗瓣a*、c*均呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。类黄酮质量分数与垂旗瓣L*、b*均呈极显著负相关（P<0.01），与垂旗瓣a*呈极显著正相关（P<0.01），与垂旗瓣c*呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。花色苷质量分数与测色参数相关性的结果与类黄酮相似，表明类黄酮和花色苷质量分数对马蔺花呈色具有重要作用。

To analyze the phenotypic traits of the floral organs of Iris lactea var. chinensis germplasm resources and to clarify the pigment composition of the petals， 22 I. lactea germplasm resources under different habitat conditions in six provinces and cities of China were used as experimental materials to systematically study the phenotypic characteristics and anthocyanin of this important ornamental part of flower organs. The phenotypic traits of the floral organs were described by RHSCC colorimetry and colorimeter colorimetry， and the mass fraction of floral pigment was determined by sodium nitrite-aluminum nitrate colorimetry and pH differential analysis， and the differences in the expression of floral pigments in different color lines were analyzed. The results showed that the flower color of 22 germplasm resources could be divided into four color families： light blue， light blue-violet， dark blue-violet and violet. The brightness（L*） of the fall and standard petals was negatively correlated with a*， positively correlated with b*， and negatively correlated with color（c*） respectively. Among the four color families， violet petals were the largest， flower branch length was the highest， and fall spot was the smallest. While light blue petals were the smallest， flower branch length was the lowest， and fall spot was the largest. It indicated that the darker the petal color， the larger the petal， and the smaller the fall spot. The mass fraction of pigment in the petals of different colors of I. lactea differed significantly. The mass fraction of carotenoid in the light blue petals was significantly higher than that in the violet color， while the mass fraction of flavonoid and anthocyanin in the violet petals were significantly higher than that in the light blue color. As the petal color deepened， the mass fraction of carotenoid decreased and the mass fraction of flavonoid and anthocyanin increased correspondingly. The correlation analysis revealed that the mass fraction of carotenoid was significantly positively correlated with fall and standard petal L*（P<0.05）， and significantly negatively correlated with fall and standard petal a* and c*（P<0.05）.The mass fraction of flavonoid was highly significantly negatively correlated（P<0.01） with fall and standard petal L* and b*， highly significantly positively correlated（P<0.01） with fall and standard petal a*， significantly positively correlated（P<0.05） with fall and standard petal c*. The correlation results between the mass fraction of anthocyanin and colorimetric parameters were similar to those of flavonoids， indicating that the mass fraction of flavonoids and anthocyanins played an important role in the coloration of I. lactea.