In this study， the effect of deep eutectic solvents-based ultrasound-assisted extraction（DES-UAE） on the extraction of polyphenols from Ginkgo biloba leaves was investigated. Among seven prepared DES， choline chloride－DL－lactic acid was considered as a good candidate for polyphenols extraction due to its superior extraction performance. Subsequently， the response surface methodology was used to explore the effect of process parameters on the extraction rate， with the polyphenol extraction amount as the response value， and its process conditions were continuously optimized according to the extraction effect. The results showed that under the conditions of 40 kHz frequency ultrasound， the molar ratio of choline chloride： DL-lactic acid was 1∶3， the water volume fraction in DES was 32.32%， the extraction time was 50.5 min， and the liquid-solid ratio was 27.30 mL/g， 13.73% of polyphenols were extracted from ginkgo leaves. This study provides a new idea for the extraction of polyphenolic compounds from Ginkgo biloba leaves， which reflects the advantages of DES in the extraction of polyphenolic compounds.