Pulmonary fibrosis is a pathological phenomenon that occurs during the development of many lung diseases. Diffuse alveolar damage can appear in the respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in recent years, inducing pulmonary fibrosis. In order to cure these lung diseases and screen out drugs, it is of great significance to study the construction and regulation of in vitro lung tissue models. At present, a variety of two-dimensional and three-dimensional lung cell culture models have been estab-lished. This article gives an overview of the construction methods of these models and their application in pulmonary fibrosis and COVID-19, and also describes the application prospects of the models in biomedical fields, such as drug delivery, high-throughput drug screening, and pathogenesis research, so as to provide new insights for related studies in the future.