With the development of biomedical technology, non-human primate (NHP) models become increa-singly widely used in basic scientific research. Meanwhile, many NHP species are on the verge of extinction due to habitat destruction, hunting and genetic isolation. Thus, it is important to improve the sperm cryop-reservation technology to conserve the genetic resources. This review mainly described the characteristics of NHP semen, introduced the methods of semen liquefaction and quality evaluation, and analyzed the effects of cryoprotectants, extenders and freezing methods on sperm cryopreservation. It also compared the relevant sperm parameters, discussed the puzzles and difficulties in sperm cryopreservation research, and proposed some feasible solutions. In conclusion, this paper reviewed the important research results of NHP sperm cryop-reservation in recent years, which may have certain reference value for development of NHP sperm cryopro-tectants and cryopreservation technology.