Cardiotoxicity is one of the main limitations of antitumor drug doxorubicin (DOX) in clinical use. It can aggravate cardiovascular problems and is regarded as a serious medical issue that needs to be addressed urgently. Despite years of research, the mechanism of cardiotoxicity is still unknown, and there is no effec-tive method for early predication or treatment. Therefore, further understanding of its mechanism is needed to develop early prevention or treatment strategies and to avoid irreversible damage to the myocardium. The roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) have drawn wide attention recently. mi-RNAs control the occurrence and progression of DIC in many ways, and may become a promising break-through in coping with DIC. This paper reviewed the progress of miRNAs associated with DIC, the possibility and prospect of using miRNAs as therapeutic targets, and the limitations and challenges of their application.