In order to explore the distribution characteristics of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) classⅠchain-related (MIC) genes MICA and MICB in the Miao population of Guizhou to establish a genetic database that can be used to study the genetic characteristics and evolutionary history of certain diseases, PCR-sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP) and PCR-sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT) methods were used to analyse the distribution of MICA and MICB genes from 150 Miao people in Guizhou Province by detecting their peripheral blood DNA samples. The differences in the distribution frequencies of MICA and MICB genes were analyzed and evaluated by the chi-square test. The genotyping results showed that the frequencies of MICA*019, MICA*045, MICA*008:04, MICA*002:01, MICA-A9, MICA-A4, MICB*005:02 and MICB*002 alleles were significantly higher than those of other alleles in the Miao population. Analysis of MICA-MICB gene sequence haplotypes revealed that the distribution frequency of MICA*019-MICB*005:02 and MI-CA*008:04-MICB*005:02 was higher, which were 17.40% and 16.30%, respectively, but only MICA*010-MICB*005:02, MICA*002:01-MICB*005:02 and MICA*009:01-MICB*005:02 were the MICA-MICB hap-lotypes with significant linkage disequilibrium (P<0.01). These results indicate that the MICA and MICB genes of Miao people in Guizhou are polymorphic and have significant linkage disequilibrium. The study provides experimental data for improving the MIC gene sequence database of ethnic minorities in China. These results could serve as the basis for future studies on the potential role of MICA and MICB in allogeneic organ transplantation and disease susceptibility in related ethnic groups.