肺纤维化是很多肺部疾病发生发展过程中出现的病理现象。近年出现的2019冠状病毒病(coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19)引发的呼吸系统综合征也会出现弥漫性肺泡损伤, 并诱发肺纤维化。因此, 开展肺纤维化和COVID-19体外模型构建与调控研究在肺部疾病治疗和药物筛选方面意义重大。目前, 现有研究已建立了多种体外肺组织二维、三维细胞培养模型, 本文将全面概述这些模型的构建方法, 并结合这些模型在肺纤维化及COVID-19中的应用研究, 对体外肺组织模型在药物传递、高通量药物筛选及发病机制研究等生物医学领域中的应用前景进行综述, 为其进一步研究提供参考。

Pulmonary fibrosis is a pathological phenomenon that occurs during the development of many lung diseases. Diffuse alveolar damage can appear in the respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in recent years, inducing pulmonary fibrosis. In order to cure these lung diseases and screen out drugs, it is of great significance to study the construction and regulation of in vitro lung tissue models. At present, a variety of two-dimensional and three-dimensional lung cell culture models have been estab-lished. This article gives an overview of the construction methods of these models and their application in pulmonary fibrosis and COVID-19, and also describes the application prospects of the models in biomedical fields, such as drug delivery, high-throughput drug screening, and pathogenesis research, so as to provide new insights for related studies in the future.