微RNA (microRNA, miRNA)是一类小分子RNA, 参与了众多的细胞过程, 在生命体的生长发育过程中起到了关键作用。鉴于miRNA的重要性和结构特殊性, 其对于疾病的预测与评估有着深刻的意义。 当前, miRNA检测技术迅猛发展, 其中, 催化发夹自组装(catalytic hairpin assembly, CHA)是一项新型核酸恒温扩增技术, 具有反应过程无需酶催化、检测灵敏度高特异性强、操作简单方便等优点, 在miRNA的检测领域有着巨大潜力。本文将着重阐述CHA技术的检测原理, 从靶标识别、信号扩增、信号输出3个方面对基于CHA技术的miRNA检测策略进行介绍, 并提出该技术当前面临的挑战及前景, 旨在为医学、生物信息等相关领域的研究提供进一步参考。

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small RNA molecules that are involved in numerous cellular processes and play a key role in the growth and development of living organisms. Given the importance and structural specificity of miRNAs, they have profound implications for the prediction and assessment of di-seases. In the rapid development of miRNA detection methods, catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) is a novel thermostatic nucleic acid amplification technology, with high sensitivity, high specificity, simple and conve-nient operation, and no enzyme catalysis in the reaction process. Therefore, it has great potential in miRNA detection. Herein, the principle of CHA technology, and the CHA-based miRNA detection strategy in target identification, signal amplification and signal output were introduced, and the current challenges and pros-pects of this technology were also discussed, aiming to provide some ideas and reference for related research.