Objective To prepare a polyvinyl butyral （PVB） nanofiber membrane loaded with propolis， and to clarify its physicochemical properties， drug release behavior， antibacterial activity， and biocompatibility. Methods Propolis with a mass fraction of 0.12% was dissolved in 18% （mass fraction） PVB methanol solution. PVB and PVB-propolis （PVB-P） nanofiber membranes were prepared using electrospinning from PVB and PVB-P solutions， respectively. Scanning electron microscope （SEM） was used to observe the microscopic morphology of PVB-P nanofibers， and the Nano Measurer software was used to analyze the fiber diameter distribution. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） was used to analyze the chemical composition of PVB-P. Water contact angle measurements were used to evaluate the hydrophilicity of PVB-P. UV spectrophotometer was used to detect the cumulative release of propolis at different time points. PVB and PVB-P nanofiber membranes were co-cultured with Staphylococcus aureus （S.aureus）， Escherichia coli （E.coli）， Candida albicans （C.albicans）， Salmonella， and Pseudomonas aeruginosa （P.aeruginosa） and divided into PVB group and PVB-P group. The absorbance method was used to calculate the antibacterial values of PVB and PVB-P against the five types of bacteria. The NIH-3T3 cells were seeded on PVB and PVB-P nanofiber membranes and divided into PVB group and PVB-P group. The CCK-8 method was used to detect the survival rates of NIH-3T3 cells on the nanofiber membranes in PVB group and PVB-P group at 1， 3， and 7 d. Results The SEM results showed that PVB and PVB-P nanofibers were interconnected in a mesh-like porous structure， with uniform thickness and no beads. The Nano Measurer software measurement results showed that the diameter of PVB nanofibers was （0.50±0.10） μm， and the diameter of PVB-P nanofibers was （0.54±0.16） μm. FTIR analysis showed that PVB-P nanofiber membranes exhibited characteristic peaks of PVB （1 140 and 1 002 cm^-1） and propolis （1 161 cm^-1）. The water contact angle measurement results showed that the contact angle of PVB membrane was （144.26°±2.90°） and that of PVB-P membrane was （128.13°± 1.36°）. The UV spectrophotometer results showed that the cumulative release of propolis was 0.04 mg at 1 d， 0.07 mg at 3 d， and reached a steady state of 0.79 mg at 7 d. The absorbance method results showed that the antibacterial values of PVB-P nanofiber membranes against S.aureus， E.coli， C.albicans， Salmonella， and P. aeruginosa were 4.39， 1.27， 5.68， 3.16， and 1.87， respectively. The CCK-8 method results showed that the survival rates of NIH-3T3 cells on PVB and PVB-P nanofiber membranes was>90% at 1， 3， and 7 d， and there were no significant differences between various groups （P>0.05）. Conclusion The diameter of PVB nanofiber membranes loaded with propolis is increased， and these membranes exhibit antibacterial effects against S.aureus and C.albicans， while also achieving sustained release of propolis.