2025年1月7日西藏定日MS6.8地震触发滑坡与砂土液化特征初步研究

徐岳仁, 付国超, 梁泽毓, 胡贵明, 周晓成, 石峰, 姚远

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地球科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (05) : 1813-1829. DOI: 10.3799/dqkx.2025.043

2025年1月7日西藏定日MS6.8地震触发滑坡与砂土液化特征初步研究

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摘要

现今强震触发次生灾害空间展布的快速遥感制图,对强震致灾机理完整认识有重要意义,青藏高原具有高海拔、人口稀少、野外调查困难等特点,因此,利用震后高分辨率卫星影像开展地震触发滑坡及砂土液化的分布规律研究,具有特别重要的研究意义.为了系统获取2025年1月7日定日M S6.8地震触发的次生灾害的空间展布特征,利用国产卫星的应急成像影像数据,通过震前、震后影像对比的人工目视解译方法,结合野外实地调查,获得如下认识:(1)定日地震触发的同震滑坡2 869处,具有南北两个集中分布区,60%集中海拔为5 000~6 000 m的区域,且以坡面碎屑及局部崩塌为主,土方量较小,远离居民点;(2)定日地震触发的砂土液化点~40万处,集中分布在海拔为4 100~4 300 m的朋曲河的河漫滩及低阶地上,德么错盆地、郭加盆地、定结盆地均有密集分布,部分位于5 200 m的第四纪冰碛物中.此次定日地震触发的同震滑坡以位于高海拔区域 (~5 000 m)的有限的坡面碎屑流为主,可能对应高海拔区域的基岩表层风化层的陡坡度部位的震中地形放大效应,而砂土液化空间分布覆盖定结‒申扎裂谷南段的3个盆地,表明裂谷系的次级断裂的破裂事件可以导致邻近多个盆地内的严重同震液化现象,与各自盆地断裂是否发生破裂无关.

Abstract

The rapid mapping of secondary effects triggered by strong earthquakes is crucial for understanding the disaster-causing mechanisms of mainshock events. The Tibetan Plateau, characterized by its higher altitude, sparse population, and challenging field conditions, presents significant difficulties for on-site investigations. Consequently, it is significant to analyze the distribution of earthquake-induced landslides and soil liquefaction utilizing post-earthquake emergency satellite imagery. We aim to systematically identify the spatial distribution characteristics of secondary hazards triggered by the M S6.8 Dingri earthquake on January 7, 2025. We utilized emergency imaging data from high-resolution Chinese satellite images. We employed manual visual interpretation through a comparative analysis of pre- and post-earthquake imagery supplemented by field investigations. The following results are obtained: (1) The mainshock triggered 2 869 coseismic landslides, with two major concentration zones in the north and south. Approximately 60% of these landslides occurred in high-altitude regions between 5 000-6 000 m, predominantly manifesting as slope debris flows and collapses with limited effect for far away the residents. (2) The mainshock also induced about 400,000 soil liquefaction pits, primarily concentrated in the floodplains and low terraces of the Pengqu River at elevations of 4 100-4 300 m. These liquefaction sites are distributed across the Democuo Basin, Guojia Basin, and Dingjie Basin, with some occurrences in Quaternary tills at elevations reaching 5 200 m. The distribution pattern of coseismic landslides, primarily as slope debris flows in higher-altitude (about 5 000 m) areas, suggests a possible correlation with the topographic amplification effect. Meanwhile, the spatial extent of soil liquefaction, spanning three basins in the southern section of the Dingjie-Shenzha Rift system, indicates that single secondary-fault rupture event within a single basin can significantly impact other adjacent secondary-faulted basins, leading to severe secondary disasters, even the controlled faults without coseismal faulting.

关键词

青藏高原 / 定日M S6.8地震 / 砂土液化 / 地震 / 滑坡 / 定结‒申扎裂谷 / 藏南裂谷系.

Key words

Tibetan Plateau / Dingri M S6.8 earthquake / soil liquefaction / earthquakes / landslides / Dingjie-Shenzha Rift / southern Tibetan rift systems

中图分类号

P315

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徐岳仁 , 付国超 , 梁泽毓 , . 2025年1月7日西藏定日M S6.8地震触发滑坡与砂土液化特征初步研究. 地球科学. 2025, 50(05): 1813-1829 https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2025.043

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基金

中国地震局地震预测研究所基本科研业务专项重点项目(CEAIEF20240302;CEAIEF20250101)
国家自然科学基金项目(42072248;42202212)

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