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柴达木盆地典型类火星地貌表层土壤的矿物与元素多谱学表征
郭雪, 申建勋, 刘立, 黄诚祥, 陈妍, 林红磊, 林巍
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PDF(3301 KB)
柴达木盆地典型类火星地貌表层土壤的矿物与元素多谱学表征
Characterization of Minerals and Elements in Surface Soils from Mars-like Qaidam Landforms through Multi-Spectroscopic Techniques
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火星表面具有丰富的古代水活动历史，可能曾具有较宜居的环境，一直是行星科学和深空探测的研究热点.我国青藏高原东北部的柴达木盆地气候寒冷干旱，地表受到的辐射较强且盐度较高，发育了多种与火星相似的地貌，被认为是开展火星类比研究的理想区域.综合利用短波红外光谱、激光诱导击穿光谱、X射线衍射、X射线荧光光谱等技术手段，结合遥感影像数据，分析了柴达木盆地典型类火星地貌（冲积扇、沙丘、泥石流、冲沟、雅丹、盐滩、多边形等）表层土壤样品的光谱特征以及矿物和元素组成，揭示出柴达木盆地类火星地貌的矿物组成主要包括石英、钠长石、石膏、方解石，以及部分伊利石、绿泥石、微斜长石和岩盐等.其中，雅丹和冲积扇地貌具有较好的碳酸盐、黏土矿物和有机物保存潜力.本研究为从比较行星学角度解译火星古水文地貌的原位光谱数据和地球化学分析提供了参考.
The surface of Mars has been sculpted by a diversity of long-lasting aqueous systems and likely had a more habitable environment in the past. During recent decades, the ancient habitable environments and evolutionary history of Mars have been interesting topics of planetary science research and deep space exploration. The Qaidam Basin, located on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, has been considered to be an ideal analog to ancient Mars due to its limited aqueous activity, coldness, aridity, and high UV radiation. This study combined remote sensing image analysis, short-wave infrared spectroscopy, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray fluorescence to analyze the spectral characteristics and mineral and elemental compositions of surface soils sampled from representative Mars-like landforms (including alluvial fan, dune, debris flow, gully, yardang, playa, and polygon) across the Qaidam Basin. Results of this study reveal that the mineral composition of Mars-like Qaidam landforms is primarily composed of quartz, albite, gypsum, and calcite, as well as illite, chlorite, microcline, and halite. Samples from the yardang and alluvial fan demonstrated their high preservation capacities of carbonates, clay minerals, and organic matter. These findings offer valuable insights for the interpretation of in-situ spectroscopic data and environmental chemical analyses of paleohydrologic settings on Mars from the perspective of comparative planetology.
柴达木盆地 / 类火星地貌 / 光谱学 / 地球化学 / 古水文环境.
Qaidam Basin / Mars-like landform / spectroscopy / geochemistry / paleohydrology
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感谢中国科学院大学杭州高等研究院许学森副研究员以及崔志成、刘子怡、贾良辰、吕文浩、沈佳庆、吴义健对LIBS实验的帮助.感谢中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所胡彬高级工程师对XRD实验的技术支持，感谢张丹萍高级实验师对XRF实验的技术支持！
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