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塔里木盆地和田河汇流区的平面形态演变
魏豪, 李嘉光, 谭虎成
PDF(7663 KB)
PDF(7663 KB)
塔里木盆地和田河汇流区的平面形态演变
Channel Morphological Evolution in Confluence Area of Hotan River in Tarim Basin
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河流汇流区因展宽深切作用，沉积的砂体规模较大，具有良好的油气储层潜力.我国中新生代的含油气盆地以内陆湖盆为主，其河流体系为主要储层类型.旱区面积占全球陆地面积的41%，河流体系广泛发育，蕴含丰富的资源.然而，当前河流汇流的研究主要集中在潮湿区，旱区河流汇流的平面形态演变及主控因素的研究鲜有报道.选取塔里木盆地和田河汇流区为研究对象，首先利用数字高程数据和高分辨率Google Earth影像来识别满岸河道边界；结合水文资料和时间序列遥感影像，分析了汇流区的河流平面形态演变.结果表明，和田河汇流属于固定型且近“Y”型汇流，支流呈现不同的河型，喀拉喀什河为曲流河，玉龙喀什河为曲流化辫状河，支流均存在着截弯取直现象；汇流后河流类型转化为辫状河，且满岸河道扩宽了505 m，扩宽幅度高达57.8%.在此基础上，选取全球10个典型的半干旱‒干旱区域以及13个潮湿区域的河流汇流实例，对比分析旱区与潮湿区的河流汇流上游支流和汇流河道满岸河宽变化差异.研究表明，少（或无）植被的旱区汇流后的汇流河道扩宽增幅均大于50%，远超过植被发育的潮湿区的汇流河道扩宽增幅（17%）.此外，河道坡降显示上述旱区河道（缺少河岸植被）的坡降（2‰）比潮湿区的坡降（0.6‰）大一个数量级.因此，缺少沿河岸植被和地形坡降大是旱区河流汇流展宽幅度较大的主要原因.本研究不仅丰富了现有的河流汇流演变模式，而且为深入开展旱区河流汇流的沉积过程和构建精确的沉积模型提供了参考.
River confluence has a great potential of hydrocarbon reservoirs owing to wide and thick channel-fill deposits by widening and deepening effects. The Mesozoic and Cenozoic hydrocarbon-bearing basins in China are internally drainage basins dominated and fluvial deposits are widely regarded as important hydrocarbon. The (semi-) arid regions cover 41% of the global continental areas, and river systems are widely distributed with substantial ecological resources. However, current research on river confluence is mainly focused on humid regions, and research on the channel morphology of river confluence in drylands and their controls has been rarely reported. In this study, we select the confluence (Kalakashen River and Yulongkashen River) of the Hotan River in Tarim Basin as study area. Firstly, the combination of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and high-resolution Google Earth images were used to identify the bankfull boundaries of all river channels. Subsequently the evolution of river planform in the confluence area was analyzed using hydrological data and time-series remote sensing images. Results show that the confluence of Hotan River is a fixed and “Y” type confluence, and their junctions have different river types: Kalakashen River is meandering while Yulongkashen River is meandering-braided transitional. Cutoffs occurred along these junctions. The confluence is transformed into braided river, and its bankfull width increases by 58% (505 m wider) compared with that of junctions. Furthermore, we select 23 river confluences in typical semi-arid-arid regions (n= 10) and humid regions (n=13) around the world to investigate the changes in bankfull width from junctions to confluences. Results reveal that the increase (>50%) in bankfull widths of river confluence in drylands with (non-) sparse vegetation greatly exceeded that (17%) of river confluence in humid areas with riparian vegetation. Slopes (2‰) of these selected dryland rivers (lack of riparian vegetation) are on average one category higher than those (0.6‰) in humid regions. Therefore, lack of riparian vegetation and high slope of river profiles are the main controls for significant widening in river confluences of dryland regions. Our results not only complement the models of river confluence, but also provide a basis for the further research of sedimentary processes and their sedimentary model in dryland river confluence.
和田河 / 河道汇流 / 河型演变 / 满岸河宽 / 沉积学
Hotan River / channel confluence / river type evolution / bankfull width / sedimentology
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