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铲式逆冲断层的地貌约束：以东天山尤路都斯盆地巴音背斜构造为例
武登云, 任治坤, 吕红华, 刘金瑞, 雷惊昊, 包国栋, 张志亮, 哈广浩
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PDF(10046 KB)
铲式逆冲断层的地貌约束：以东天山尤路都斯盆地巴音背斜构造为例
Geomorphic Constraints on Listric Thrust Faulting: Implications for Active Deformation of Bayan Anticline in Youludusi Basin, East Tianshan, China
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将地表河流阶地变形特征与运动学模型、地貌年代相结合，可以推测出地下断层几何形态、断层变形量与变形速率.定量限定天山山间盆地不同褶皱冲断带的几何形态、运动学和变形速率是研究天山挤压应变吸收作用的关键.在天山东部的尤路都斯盆地内，开都河横穿巴音背斜构造发育并保存了较为完整的三级河流阶地.通过详细的野外考察发现，处于巴音背斜构造后翼位置的河流阶地具有宽阔、连续和逐渐倾斜的特点，符合通过翼部旋转运动而褶皱变形的铲式逆冲断层模型，其深部根植于平面断层斜坡.基于该运动学模型并结合阶地年代，得到巴音背斜构造下伏断层晚第四纪滑动速率为（0.35-0.06）~（0.35+0.16） mm/a，地壳缩短速率为（0.23-0.04）~（0.23+0.10）mm/a.对比尤路都斯盆地北部那拉提断裂的构造应变和GPS速率揭示的东天山南北向总地壳缩短速率，认为巴音背斜构造的变形作用占尤路都斯盆地总变形作用的15%~20%，进而容纳了~2%的东天山南北向地壳应变.东天山内部的山间盆地在天山变形量分配中占据重要作用.
Subsurface fault geometry and deformation rates can be estimated by combining the pattern of terrace deformation with kinematic model and geomorphic age. Quantifying the geometry, kinematics and deformation rate of the thrust-and-fold belt is the key to exploring tectonic deformation and strain distribution of the Tianshan intermontane basin. This is demonstrated by the Bayan anticline in Youlududsi basin in the eastern Chinese Tianshan. The Kaidu River, flowing through the central part of the Bayan anticline, has formed three terrace levels at tilted fold backlimbs. Based on the field geological investigation, warped and tilted terraces in the Bayan anticline are characterized by broad, continuous backlimbs and abrupt forelimbs and suggest folding through progressive limb rotation of listric thrust model. Combining with the kinematic model and geomorphic age, the slip rate and crustal shortening rate of the underlying fault in Bayan anticline is (0.35-0.06)-(0.35+0.16) mm/a and (0.23-0.04)-(0.23+0.10) mm/a, respectively. This shortening represents over 15%-20% of the total deformation in Youludusi basin and ~2% of the 8.5±0.5 mm/a total shortening rate measured from GPS velocity across the entire range in East Tianshan.Therefore, a significant fraction of the total Quaternary deformation is accommodated within the central part of the East Tianshan.
铲式逆冲断层 / 河流阶地 / 巴音背斜构造 / 尤路都斯盆地 / 天山 / 构造地质学
listric thrust / terrace / Bayan anticline / Youludusi basin / Tianshan / structural geology
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