Numerical simulation of hydrothermal cycling process and lithium isotope fractionation in a typical high-temperature geothermal system

Honglei SHI, Wanli WANG, Guiling WANG, Linxiao XING, Chuan LU, Jiayi ZHAO, Lu LIU, Jiajia SONG

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Earth Science Frontiers ›› 2024, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (6) : 104-119. DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.7.12

Numerical simulation of hydrothermal cycling process and lithium isotope fractionation in a typical high-temperature geothermal system

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Abstract

Multifield coupling interactions have significant effects on hydrothermal cycles and geothermal fluid chemistry in hydrothermal systems. In this paper, a hydraulic-thermal-chemical (isotope) multifield numerical simulation model is developed using COMSOL-Multiphysics, and the simulation method for lithium isotope fractionation is validated by a simplified profile model. On this basis, a multifield coupling model of the hydrothermal cycle in a typical profile of Yangbajing is established based on the understanding of the hydrothermal cycling process in the Yangbajing geothermal field. Futher, the hydrothermal cycling of the Yangbajing geothermal system and lithium isotope fractionation under water-rock reactions are reproduced, and the influence of the main model parameters on the effect of thermal energy convergence is discussed. The results indicated that high fracture-zone permeability accelerated temperature decline in wall rock near the deep fracture zone, while low permeability limited near-surface hydrothermal activity. After constraining the fracture-zone permeability by surface drainage, it was found that long-lived (nearly 150 ka) high-temperature geothermal features could form near the surface, but only when the fracture zone made direct contact with the deep melt. Provided that such contact occurred and the temperature of the melt heat source remained constant, the depth of the melt had little effect on hydrothermal activity. Prolonged water-rock interactions could lead to significant lithium depletion in the fracture zone, and only when the deep melts provided a continuous source of material for the fracture system could it guarrantee sustained high lithium concentration in geothermal fluids. Based on the lithium isotope fractionation process, the estimated mass fraction of lithium in the involved rocks was ~25—35 mg/kg, and the value of δ7Lirock was ~-2.0‰—0.5‰. The research results contribute to the further understanding of the formation of typical high-temperature geothermal systems.

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typical high-temperature geothermal system / hydrothermal cycle / water-rock reaction / multifield coupling model / lithium isotope

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Honglei SHI , Wanli WANG , Guiling WANG , et al . Numerical simulation of hydrothermal cycling process and lithium isotope fractionation in a typical high-temperature geothermal system. Earth Science Frontiers. 2024, 31(6): 104-119 https://doi.org/10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.7.12

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