Since the Industrial Revolution, the increasing demand for resources has led to the overexploitation of mineral resources, resulting in a series of geological and environmental problems. Research in mining has primarily focused on geological and environmental hazards, mine restoration technologies, and the health hazards posed by heavy metals exposure. However, few scholars have studied the relationship between heavy metals and geological carbon sinks. With the “dual-carbon” goal becoming a national strategy, research on the mechanisms of heavy metals and geological carbon sinks has significant scientific importance. This study investigates the influence of lead and zinc on geological carbon sinks under open system conditions by examining the dissolution characteristics of different rock samples in various concentrations of lead and zinc solutions. The findings are as follows: (1) With increasing experimental time, the pH value of all groups showed a decreasing trend, while the conductivity showed an increasing trend. (2) A 0.5 mg/L lead solution may inhibit rock dissolution, as the $\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}$ concentration initially increased significantly on the 10th day before gradually decreasing. When lead-zinc ore powder from the Lingchuan County lead-zinc mine was added, the $\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}$ concentration in the solution doubled. Data showed that the $\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}$ concentration in the 0.1 mg/L lead solution with added lead-zinc ore powder was significantly lower than in the control group without the ore powder. This suggests that Pb²⁺ may act as an inhibitor, affecting the dissolution of rock samples in the solution. (3) In the 1 mg/L and 5 mg/L zinc solutions with added lead-zinc ore powder, the $\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}$ concentrations in the limestone, hornfels, and limestone+hornfels groups were significantly higher than in the control groups without the ore powder, indicating that zinc may act as a catalyst. (4) Scanning non-in situ SEM images of the dried rock samples revealed that both low and high concentrations of lead solutions increased the number of dissolution pits compared to the lead-free solution. The dissolution steps were also more irregular in high-concentration lead solutions, accompanied by replacement reactions. From low to high concentrations of lead solutions, the development of porosity and the formation of cracks were observed.