Against the backdrop of big data science emerging as a new scientific paradigm, traditional qualitative geological research methods are transitioning towards quantitative research grounded in the concept of geological big data. Leveraging data from over 5300 gold deposits, this study quantitatively analyzes the metallogenic density and intensity of gold deposits across provincial (autonomous region), city, county, and Grade III metallogenic zones in China, as well as the metallogenic intensity of gold deposits across different metallogenic ages. The findings reveal a pronounced trend of spatiotemporal concentration distribution of gold deposits in China. Spatially, gold deposits exhibit regional concentration, with areas such as Jiaodong and Qinling emerging as high-density and high-intensity gold deposit regions. Xinjiang boasts the highest number of gold deposits, whereas Shandong Province exhibits the highest metallogenic density and intensity. At the prefectural city level, Yantai City in Shandong Province and Chengde City in Hebei Province stand out as the only two prefecture-level cities in China with over 100 gold deposits each. Among these, Yantai City in Shandong Province ranks first in terms of mineral producing areas, metallogenic density, and metallogenic intensity. At the county level, Toli County in Tacheng region of Xinjiang houses the largest number of gold deposits (52), Tongling district in Anhui exhibits the highest metallogenic density, and Laizhou City in Yantai, Shandong, holds the largest gold reserves (2341 t) and the strongest metallogenic intensity (1.35 t/km²). Analysis of metallogenic belts reveals that the eastern section of the northern margin of the North China block, particularly metallogenic belt (III-57), boasts the largest number of gold deposits (345), while the Jiaodong metallogenic belt (III-65) exhibits the highest metallogenic density and intensity. Temporally, gold deposits in China display an unbalanced distribution characterized by old-weak and new-strong mineralization, significant differences between north and south, a broad metallogenic time span, and substantial Cenozoic gold resource potential. The Yanshanian period emerges as the most significant metallogenic period for gold deposits in China, characterized by high metallogenic intensity, with 10.5 deposits/Ma and 93 t/Ma. Looking ahead, the focal point of China’s gold geological efforts will be to reinforce gold prospecting activities to safeguard national financial security.