The Duvernay shale in the Upper Devonian is a formation of shale rich in oil and gas, created during the peak transgression period in the Western Canada Basin. This study aims to elucidate the factors influencing hydrocarbon enrichment in the Duvernay shale through the analysis of sedimentary elements, fluid distribution, reservoir quality, and drivers of organic matter enrichment. Utilizing data from cores, well logging, thin sections, scanning electron microscopy, 3D pore reconstruction, and organic geochemistry, this research examines the geological context to determine that oil and gas accumulation in the Duvernay shale is governed by the sedimentary conditions of siliceous shale, organic matter thermal maturity, reservoir quality, and stable structural settings. The Duvernay Formation, situated in a deep-water shelf environment during the Late Devonian, comprises primarily marl, mudstone, and shale lithologies. it is observed that Type II and III marine organic matters are abundant in the Duvernay shale through the identification of ten lithofacies, with siliceous shale being predominant. These organic materials exhibit moderate thermal maturity, falling within the condensate to wet gas stage, leading to a high condensate to gas ratio. Oil and gas are predominantly found in siliceous shale with organic pores created by clay-grade minerals, showcasing organic and intra-granular pore types. The shale possesses high effective porosity, with well-connected and horizontally distributed pores that display vertical connectivity characteristics. Diagenesis enhances the physical properties of the shale reservoir, while natural fractures boost permeability. Ultimately, the preservation of Duvernay shale oil is heavily dependent on a stable structural setting.