The lack of toxicology data is the main factor hindering the ecological risk assessment of Cr contamination in soils and the revision of soil environmental quality standards in China. In this study, we conduct toxicology tests on seven soil types (with different soil properties) in China, using earthworm biomass, cabbage biomass, and microbial matrix induced respiration (SIR) as measurement endpoints. We determined the effective concentration (EC_x) values under different soil types based on the Log-logistic dose-effect relationship and low-dose stimulus effect function model. On this basis we developed predictive models for estimating toxicity thresholds of Cr under different soil properties. Chromium toxicity in earthworms, Chinese cabbage, and soil microorganisms under different soil types showed significant inhibitory effect with increased soil Cr concentrations, and the dose-response (D-R) relationship was clearly sigmoid in shape. Under different soil types, the EC₁₀ values for soil microorganisms (SIR), earthworms, and Chinese cabbage ranged between 22.1-53.7, 65.0-137.2, and 82.1-220.2 mg/kg, respectively, and the EC₅₀ values between 50.3-103.7, 103.9-369.0, and 159.9-441.9 mg/kg, respectively. The Cr toxicity thresholds for the tested species, from high to low, followed the order of Chinese cabbage>earthworms>soil microorganisms, with soil microorganisms being the most sensitive to Cr toxicity. Under low Cr concentrations (<112 mg/kg), the tested species showed significant hormesis effects, among which earthworms had a maximum hormesis between 102%-108% under different soil types, and Chinese cabbage between 105%-112%, while soil microorganisms showed relatively small effect at 104%. Chromium toxicity thresholds under different soil types can be well predicted based on soil pH and clay/CEC contents. The research results provide a scientific basis for the ecological risk assessment of Cr in soils and for the formulation and revision of environmental quality standards for Cr in soils.